Rabies in ethiopia pdf

In world rabies survey report, it was found the second leading country. Rabies in ethiopia, american journal of epidemiology, volume 117, issue 5, may 1983. Retrospective crosssectional study was conducted during august and september, 2017. Cdc is assisting the ethiopian government with the design and implementation of their rabies elimination plan. In ethiopia, the rabies prevention and control program. Pdf estimating the burden of rabies in ethiopia by tracing. Rabies and taeniasis introduction in the last two study sessions in this module, you learned about vectorborne diseases in which the infectious agent is transmitted to new human hosts by body lice, flying insects or snails. Ethiopia has been considered among the most rabies affected country in the world with an estimated annual occurrence of 10, 000 cases of human rabies which is equivalent to 18. Rabies is estimated to cause at least 55 000 deaths per year worldwide, about 56% of which occur in asia and 44% in. Rabies control in dogsespecially companion animals such as dogs and cats are potential vectors for rabies transmission to humans. Use of nerve tissue vaccine remains widespread in ethiopia, contributing about dalys per annum. Sep 28, 2017 this is partly due to lack of awareness about rabies vaccination among dog owners and high number of stray dogs in the country. Rabies generally affects all warmblooded animals, but it is.

However, due to the nature of passive surveillance requiring people to report, authorities rarely receive reports. In addition to that, human rabies surveillance and animal rabies situation in ethiopia were also well addressed, and antirabies vaccine. Canine or dogmediated rabies contributes to more than 99% of all human rabies cases. In addition, little is known about the awareness of the people regarding rabies, which makes the effective implementation of prevention and control measures challenging 12. Cdc provides epidemiological expertise and consultation to the leishmaniasis national control program in ethiopia, which assesses disease burden and risk factors, and is. In ethiopia, rabies remains to be one of the most feared infectious diseases and has been diagnosed for several years at the ethiopian health and nutrition research institute fekadu, 1972.

In ethiopia, rabies is an endemic disease with a high incidence rate 79. Incidence of rabies in humans and domestic animals and. About 98% of the human rabies cases occur in developing countries that possess large number of dogs, many of which are stray who, 2004. Travelers involved in outdoor and other activities such as camping, hiking, biking, adventure travel, and caving that put them at risk for animal bites. Incidence of rabies in humans and domestic animals and people.

The present study was designed to determine the number of free roaming dogs in selected settings in ethiopia and kenya, and describe the level of community knowledge, attitude and practice kap on rabies incidencehuman exposures. Parenteral vaccination of wolves was used to manage the. Hi, we are planning on visiting ethiopia in november covering the northern circuit mainly and i have been reading up on the prevalence of rabies in ethiopia. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards rabies.

Cdc and partners provide crucial education and training. Rabies is one of the oldest known and most feared human diseases. This study describes the knowledge, attitudes and practices of. The study shows that the principal vector of rabies in addis ababa and. Rabies, present on all continents and endemic in most african and asian countries, is a fatal zoonotic viral disease, transmitted to humans through contact mainly bites and scratches with infected animals, both domestic and wild. In ethiopia alone, more than 32,000 doses of nerve tissue based. The workshop was focused on several issues of rabies prevention and control in ethiopia that includes. Rabies in ethiopia american journal of epidemiology oxford. It is still unclear if the rabies outbreak that stroke west morebawa is related to the 2014 event in sanetti or whether it represents a distinct outbreak.

Rabies is a viral infection caused by viruses belonging to the lyssavirus genus. A study on knowledge, attitude and practice of rabies. In 2012, over 1400 deaths were estimated to occur due to rabies annually ali, 2012. Cdc has also provided technical transfer of seed viruses and reagents towards modern human and animal rabies vaccine development. The status of rabies in ethiopia african journals online. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice kap of. Ethiopia was among the high burdened country where 10,000 people per annum were estimated to have died fekadu, 1997. Rhabdovirus, lyssavirus genus the family rhabdoviridae consists of more than 185 different viruses isolated from both plants and animals. Review on economic importances of rabies in developing. The program was designed to ensure that the basic principles necessary to successfully control canine rabies could be enacted simultaneously in a coordinated manner. Rabies in animals and humans in and around addis ababa.

Determinants of health seeking behaviour following rabies. The study also described the sociocultural value of dog keeping in the areas considered in the study. The health burden of rabies in ethiopia, therefore, not only includes. Rabies, a viral disease caused by lyssa virus of family rhabdoviridae, is a fatal zoonotic disease with worldwide occurrence and endemic in developing countries of africa and asia. Incidence of human rabies exposure and associated factors at. In ethiopia, rabies is known as mad dog disease, and many community members have become fearful of dogs. Global approaches for rabies prevention and control in humans and also in animals including current scientific developments on vaccine development were. Rabies can be found in dogs, bats, and other mammals in ethiopia, so cdc recommends this vaccine for the following groups.

Reevaluating the burden of rabies in africa and asia. The infection primarily circulates among domestic, feral, and wild. Domestic dogs are the main reservoir and transmitter of this disease particularly in developing countries. Estimating the burden of rabies in ethiopia by tracing dog. Rabies distribution in ethiopia rabies, a fatal viral disease of humans and all other mammals, which has been associated with. Rabies in ethiopia american journal of epidemiology. Community awareness about rabies is one of the key components for prevention. Laboratory investigation of epidemic dropsy in addis ababa ethiopia life science innovation forum the development of medicinal plant and traditional medicine lowering blood cholesterol level with medicinal plants medicinal plants in folk medicine system of ethiopia medicinal plants used for management of rabies in ethiopa. Dogs are responsible for rabies in almost 90% of the cases. Frameworks for preventing, detecting, and controlling. Pdf rabies in endangered ethiopian wolves lucy tallents. Jan 14, 2020 in ethiopia, particularly in tigray region, accurate quantitative information on animal and human rabies is limited. Parenteral vaccination of wolves was used to manage the outbreak. Rabies is a fatal animal disease of significant public health importance.

Antibody response of dogs to ethiorab rabies vaccine. Rabies in animals and humans in and around addis ababa, the. A very recent global burden estimate showed over 2700 annual. Algeria still produces nerve tissue vaccines, but the situation in some other.

Even though rabies is a highly fatal disease, it is a preventable disease. Pdf on jan 1, 2002, eshetu yimer and others published situation of rabies in ethiopia. This is partly due to lack of awareness about rabies vaccination among dog owners and high number of stray dogs in the country. Among zoonotic diseases which are of great importance in ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to determine the incidence of human rabies virus exposure in northwestern amhara, ethiopia.

Rabies in ethiopia rabies has been recognized as an im portant. Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practices of. February estimating the burden of rabies in ethiopia by tracing dog bite victims tariku jibat beyene 0 1 monique c. Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practices of rabies. In the past i havent bothered with the rabies jab, as the general consensus is that youd still have to seek emergency medical care in the rare instance you were bitten, and just dont pet dogs.

By using 17 selected antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies mabs, 1 isolates were classic street rabies viruses serotype 1. The dog is the species most responsible for human exposure, with over 98% of the human cases and vaccinations due to the bite of rabid or suspected rabid dogs. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice towards. In ethiopia individuals who are exposed to rabies virus often see. Recommendations for identifying cases of human exposure to rabies and ensuring that exposed humans are connected to appropriate care. It is a zoonosis an animal disease that can spread to humans transmitted by saliva through bites and scratches of infected mammals. In ethiopia, rabies is an important disease that has been recognized for many centuries mekonnen fekadu, 1982. The objective of our study was to estimate the burden of rabies in africa and asia by applying data derived from these regions to this model and to thereby present a datadriven. Even though rabies has been preventable by vaccination since the 19th century, it still causes more human deaths than any other zoonotic disease fooks et al.

Isolation and characterization of 115 street rabies virus. Ethiopia has one of the highest incidence levels of human rabies in africa, with 37 deaths per 100,000 people annually beyene et al. This will be crucial for effective planning of rabies management, prevention or control programs. In developing countries where financial resources are limited and numerous interests compete, there is a need for quantitative data on the public health burden and costs of diseases to support intervention prioritization. Epidemiological studies provide basic information about the burden of the disease and underline the importance of prevention and control interventions. During the last decade, infectious diseases have posed a. Recommendations for implementing timely and effective point. Mourits 0 1 abraham haile kidane 1 henk hogeveen 0 1 2 0 business economics group, wageningen university, wageningen, the netherlands, 2 college of veterinary medicine and agriculture, addis ababa university, debre zeit, ethiopia, 3 center for outcomes research and. The greeks called rabies lyssa or lytta, which means frenzy or madness. Rabies mad dog diseases known since 1903 is endemic in ethiopia with an estimated annual death of 2,700 cdc, 2016, and is among the high rabies risk countries in africa yousaf et al. With rabies emerging as a particular threat to wild canids, we report on a rabies outbreak in a subpopulation of endangered ethiopian wolves in the bale mountains, ethiopia, in 2003 and 2004. Rabies prevention and control protocol, 2018 or as current is to prevent a human case of rabies by standardizing animal rabies surveillance and the management of human rabies exposures. Production of cell culture based anti rabies vaccine in.

International journal of vaccines and vaccination antibody response of dogs to ethiorab rabies vaccine volume 1 issue 2 2015 hurisa b 1, mengesha a, lemma h1, nigussie d 1, godana a, adhanon a, kebede g 1, kerge s, newayesilasie b1, gebrewold g1, bankovskiy d2, metlin a3, kebede a1 and urga k1 1ethiopian public health institute, addis ababa, ethiopia. Burden of rabies in africa and asia cases of rabies and may provide an accessible data source from which human deaths from rabies can be inferred. A retrospective study 19902000 find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The total number of animal rabies cases in ethiopia is unknown, but with a rural and farming population of more than 80%, annual livestock losses caused by rabies place a large societal and economic burden on the country. It has been diagnosed from various species of domestic and wild animals. Rabies is one of the most severe infectious diseases in ethiopia, with many cases of the disease diagnosed in various. Since then, two more dead animals were found in late march. The main reservoir of rabies is the domestic dog canis lupus familiaris, which accounts for 99% of all human rabies fatalities globally. A recent article in morbidity and mortality weekly report describes a pilot program to improve the reporting and management of dog bites in gondar, ethiopia. There were 115 isolates of rabies viruses recovered by tissue culture technique from 119 animal brains collected in ethiopia.

A crosssectional study was conducted from february 2017 to april 2017 to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of the community towards rabies in south gondar zone, ethiopia. In canine rabies endemic countries like ethiopia, rabies has also significant economic importance by its effect on livestock. Incidence of human rabies virus exposure in northwestern. Free roaming dogs and the communities knowledge, attitude. Rabies is a neglected tropical disease, which is economically important with great public health concerns in developing countries including ethiopia. A total of 384 people was on rabies are not available to reveal the actual magnitude selected from those communities live in arada sub city of the problem. Similar to the health and economic burden of rabies in humans, the purpose of this part of the study was to assess the economic burden of rabies in cattle. The rabies program, designed using an umbrella approach, has the potential to impact.

Ethiopia is among high burden african countries in regard to human rabies virus exposure since ancient times. Estimating the burden of rabies in ethiopia by tracing dog bite victims. They named human rabies hydrophobia, which means fear of water, a symptom shown by rabies victims. Rabies in ethiopia is believed to result in a significant loss of human lives annually. Ethiopia has been considered among the most rabies affected country in the world with an estimated annual occurrence of 10, 000 cases of human rabies which is. Rabies virus, epidemiology, transmission and freeroaming. However, there have been limited studies conducted regarding the incidence of rabies and associated factors in ethiopia, in general, and in this study area, in particular. Although many ill dogs were not brought for examination, the actual number of rabid dogs in. In ethiopia, a complete pep treatment consists of 17 doses of a nervous tissue vaccine, administered consecutively during the first 14 days after exposure, with the remaining three doses being given at intervals of 10 days, that is at day 24, 34 and 44.

The study was conducted at addis alem hospital, a district level hospital in bahir dar. Rabies in endangered ethiopian wolves volume 10, number. Rabies is a highly fatal viral disease of all warm blooded animals including human, globally. This guideline document was created to assist staff at boards of health with the. On behalf of the ethiopian public health institute ephi. Like human cases, livestock rabies is a reportable disease in ethiopia. Rabies in animals with emphasis on dog and cat in ethiopia. The burden of rabies falls mostly on poor rural communities and children in particular.

Community of arada sub city lives in been recognized for many centuries 4. In this study we investigated the prevalence of confirmed rabies cases during the years. Incidence of human rabies exposure and associated factors. Risk factors and spatiotemporal patterns of human rabies. Production of cell culture based anti rabies vaccine in ethiopia. National rabies base line survey preliminary findings of household and facility based assessments and the overall rabies situation in the world with special emphases on some asian and african countries.

Rabies in ethiopia ethiopia message board tripadvisor. However, other animals such as cats, cattle and wild animals fox, hyena are also implicated as reservoir. Study session 38 common zoonotic diseases in ethiopia. Management of potential rabies exposures guideline, 2018. Sep 27, 2016 but rabies has negatively affected the humananimal bond in ethiopia. This study aimed at estimating the health burden and postexposure treatment pet costs of canine rabies in ethiopia by an investigation of exposed human cases. A study on knowledge, attitude and practice of rabies among.

Particularly rabies is a zoonotic disease which needs immediate attention. However, systematic recording and organization of the results of diagnosis was rarely carried out. Rabies virus, epidemiology, transmission and freeroaming cats. Epidemiological information can play an important role in the control and prevention of rabies, though little is known about the status of the disease in many settings of ethiopia. Rabies in endangered ethiopian wolves volume 10, number 12. In ethiopia, rabies is an important disease that hasstudy population. Rabies is one of the most severe infectious diseases in ethiopia, with many cases of the disease diagnosed in various parts of the country. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution and magnitude of rabies in addis ababa between the years 20122016. Most of the studies concerning rabies in ethiopia have focused. Rabies in ethiopia remains as a public health problem both in domestic animals and in humans.